This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be (...) preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

A general hypothesis of atom size effects for G.P. zone formation is discussed in this paper and results are presented of precipitation in the systems Fe-Au and Fe-Mo. Techniques used are resistivity measurements and electron microscopy. In the Fe-Mo system it is shown that after initial cluster formation during the early stages of ageing after the quench, further growth ceases and vacancies anneal out into dislocation loops. The activation energy for the initial clustering was 1·3 ev whilst the excess vacancy (...) concentration estimated from the loop area gave a vacancy formation energy of ∼1·5 ev. These results confirm recent quenching results on pure iron. The refusal of Mo zones to grow confirms the general hypothesis of size effects.In the Fe-Au system precipitation of gold platelets after quenching is shown to be associated with the high density of dislocations formed during quenching through the phase transformation of the iron matrix. The effect of the dislocations is shown by the low value of ∼0·5 for the Johnson—Mehl kinetic parameter and by the activation energy for growth which is ∼0·8 of the equilibrium diffusion energy for Au in Fe. As the size-effect hypothesis does not apply to precipitation on dislocations the growth of zones in Fe—Au does not affect its validity. (shrink)

It is well established that single crystals of B2-structured Fe-Al change from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic upon plastic deformation. This strain-induced ferromagnetism arises mostly from Fe atoms which have three or more like nearest neighbours in antiphase-boundary tubes. Such Fe atoms carry magnetic moments according to their local environment. In this study, the saturation magnetizations, M S , of cold-rolled Fe-34 at.% Al, Fe-40 at.% Al and Fe-43 at.% Al single crystals were measured in a vibrating-sample magnetometer from 77 K to (...) room temperature and transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the presence of APB tubes. After magnetic measurements, rolled single crystals were heated in a differential scanning calorimeter at 20 K min m 1 to 973 K and the enthalpy associated with the removal of the APB tubes measured. From the enthalpy measurement, the APB tube density and the number of Fe NNs were estimated. Hence, the M S values at 0 K were calculated. These were in good agreement with the experimentally determined values. (shrink)

A brief overview of _A Philosophy of Cover Songs_, highlighting some of the main themes in the book. The first part addresses the nature of covers and makes some important initial distinctions. The second part addresses the appreciation and evaluation of covers. The third part addresses covers as a clue to the ontology of songs. Written to introduce a session at the American Society for Aesthetics Rocky Mountain Division meeting in Santa Fe, New Mexico (July 13, 2024).

The crystallization behaviour of Fe 70.8 Nb 3.7 Cu 1 Al 2.7 Mn 0.7 Si 13.5 B 7.6 alloy prepared in the form of amorphous ribbons by melt-spinning technique was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and the temperature variation in resistivity. An X-ray diffaction and transmission electron microscopy study showed the formation of f -Fe and/or Fe 3 nanoparticles after the first stage of crystallization. The activation energy for this nanophase formation was 68 kcal mol m 1 . The brittleness (...) of the alloy increased with the formation of nanoparticles after heat treatment. Superior soft magnetic properties were achieved when the material was heat treated at 790 K for 15 min. The particle size at the optimum heat treatment condition for superior soft magnetic properties was found to be 6.0 - 0.5 nm which was less compared than for the Fe-Nb-Cu-Si-B system. The observed coercivity value at the optimum heat treatment condition was found to be 0.32 A m m 1 . The presence of Al in the alloy reduced the particle size and the magnetic anisotropy energy of the system, which resulted in superior soft magnetic properties of the heat-treated materials. (shrink)

Nucleation and motion of kink pairs on partial dislocations are examined by elasticity theory for materials with a high Peierls stress. Two approaches are used: one considers the change in average stacking-fault energy due to alloying elements and the other considers the change in local SFE due to a nearby solute atom. Both approaches highlight the role of SFE on kink nucleation, propagation and annihilation and both furnish strain rate as a function of stress, temperature and SFE. Model predictions are (...) compared with yield stress data for two systems: firstly, an intermetallic, MoSi 2 , which softens for alloying elements that decrease the SFE and hardens for Re additions that increase the SFE; secondly, a ceramic oxide, MgO-Al 2 O 3 spinel, which softens with increasing addition of excess alumina and at the same time exhibits a decrease in SFE. The average SFE approach agrees qualitatively with the data while quantitative agreement is obtained with the local SFE approach. The possibility is considered that the model applies to other materials, such as TiAl, HfV 2 and Fe 3 Al, which show softening with certain alloying additions. One requirement is that the dislocations are dissociated more than a few atomic distances; otherwise kink nucleation occurs on the perfect dislocation . Hence the model does not apply to materials such as bcc metals which only have a core dissociation. Normal hardening effects of solutes from size and modulus misfits are additive with any softening effects from a decrease in SFE and so may mask the latter, as occurs for W additions to MoSi 2. (shrink)

AS formas históricas e institucionais do cristianismo em Itália fazem com que a filosofia se deva necessariamente confrontar com ele. Além disso, é também evidente que autores como Nietzsche ou Heidegger têm igualmente uma grande influência na península itálica. O artigo examina os escritos de quatro autores contemporêneos os quais, uns mais do que outros, se inspiram nos autores alemães antes mencionados para dar um sentido, frequentemente redutor, mas por vezes também respeitoso da fé dos crentes, ao cristianismo de que (...) a cultura italiana não pode fazer abstracção. Estes filósofos, unidos numa comum sensibilidade ao ser humano, estão também particularmente atentos, ainda que de maneiras muito variadas, à provocação do mal. A categoria da 'Kenose', derivada da meditação sobre a diferença ontológica e da contestação de um saber absoluto disponível para a razão religiosa, acompanha a reconstrução filosófica daquilo que, no cristianismo, mais profundamente toca os autores estudados neste artigo; o seu entendimento do cristianismo, contudo, depende muito da percepção nietzscheana do instante. /// The article starts with the assumption that the historical and institutional forms of Christianity in Italy make it unavoidable for philosophy to confront itself with it. It also mentions the great influence that authors like Nietzsche and Heidegger have in the Italian peninsula. The article proceeds to analyze the writings of four contemporary Italian thinkers. All these authors are inspired by the above mentioned German thinkers and aim at making sense, frequently in a reductive manner but also in a mode respectful of the believers' faith, of Christianity, something of which the Italian culture cannot make abstraction. These four Italian philosophers are particularly united in a common sensibility to the human being and attentive, even though in very different manners, to the provocation of evil. For them, the category of 'Kenosis', derived from the meditation on the ontological difference and the protest against an absolute knowledge available to the religious reason, goes together with the philosophical reconstruction of what in Christianity most touches them. The article also shows, finally, that for these authors the understanding of Christianity depends to a great extent of the impact of nietzschean thought. (shrink)

The no-wait flow-shop scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup times and release times is a typical NP-hard problem. This paper proposes an enhanced differential evolution algorithm with several fast evaluating strategies, namely, DE_FES, to minimize the total weighted tardiness objective for the NFSP with SSTs and RTs. In the proposed DE_FES, the DE-based search is adopted to perform global search for obtaining the promising regions or solutions in solution space, and a fast local search combined with three presented strategies is designed (...) to execute exploitation from these obtained regions. Test results and comparisons with two effective meta-heuristics show the effectiveness and robustness of DE_FES. (shrink)

A editora Losada publicou uma série de conferências de Karl Jaspers pronunciadas na Universidad de laBasilea a convite da Fundação Acadêmica livre e da Faculdade de História da Filosofia daquela Instituição. Esse conjunto de conferências importantes para entender como o filósofo pensava o significado da Filosofia foi reunido em livro com o título de La fe filosófica. O livro integra a coleção da editora argentina denominada Obras Maestras delPensamiento e ainda não teve edição em português. Portanto, La fe filosófica não (...) foi inicialmente concebida como livro, mas como reflexões sobre aspectos fundamentais da Filosofia e mais tarde reunidas numa obra. (shrink)

Fé e crime na “quebrada”: pentecostais e PCC na construção da sociabilidade nas periferias de São Paulo (Faith and crime in the "quebrada": Pentecostalism and PCC in the construction of sociability in the outskirts of São Paulo). DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2014v12n33p99 Tratamos, neste texto, da convivência em um mesmo ambiente urbano de fenômenos aparentemente díspares como é o caso do pentecostalismo de um lado e, de outro, o crime organizado e a violência como seu modus operandi , ambos representando expressões de sociabilidade (...) e formação identitária nas periferias das metrópoles. Nesse contexto, o conceito de conversão precisa ser revisto dada a sua ineficácia para se compreender os processos sociais experimentados pelas populações dos bairros periféricos. Nesses bairros, ser pentecostal não é necessariamente uma opção de vida que exclui a participação na organização criminosa do Primeiro Comando da Capital - PCC. O artigo está dividido em dois tópicos: no primeiro, fazemos um breve levantamento dos estudos que trabalham com as diferentes formas em que a religião e a violência criam interfaces de contato. No segundo tópico procuramos apresentar nossas observações empíricas de uma comunidade pentecostal da qual faz parte um dos líderes locais do PCC. As conclusões são apontamentos que procuram manter abertas as portas para outras reflexões e dar continuidade à pesquisa mais do que para encerrar o debate. Palavras chaves : Pentecostalismo. PCC. Crime organizado. Conversão.In this paper we look at the coexistence, in the same urban environment, of seemingly disparate phenomena such as Pentecostalism on one side, and on the other the organized crime and violence as its modus operandi , two of the expressions of sociability and identity in the outskirts of the metropolis. In this context the concept of conversion needs to be revised given its ineffectiveness to understanding social and religious processes experienced by the populations of the suburbs. In these neighborhoods, be Pentecostal is not necessarily a lifestyle choice that precludes participation in a criminal organization like the Primeiro Comando da Capital, PCC. The article is divided into two topics: first, we made a brief survey of studies that work with the different ways in which religion and violence make some interfaces. After we tried to present our empirical observations about a Pentecostal community in which a PCC local leader is part of. The notes of the conclusion are looking to keep the doors open to other ideas and to continue the research more than to wind up the debate. Keywords : Pentecostalism. PCC. Organized crime. Conversion. (shrink)

Esse artigo espera contribuir para a compreensão da relação entre a religião e a política. Por meio da análise tipológica e do recurso metodológico da história oral temática elaboramos o seu ambiente teórico. Estudamos os jovens inseridos na Pastoral da Juventude do Meio Popular entre meados das décadas de 1980 e 1990, na região industrial de Belo Horizonte – Brasil. Estes jovens são representantes do grande movimento religioso conhecido como cristianismo da libertação de larga e profunda repercussão na história política (...) e religiosa da república brasileira da segunda metade do século XX. Nossa compreensão situa-se na passagem do catolicismo tradicional para o catolicismo internalizado experimentado por esses jovens e suas famílias no processo de migração das áreas rurais para a jovem área urbana. Vale dizer que os fragmentos de entrevistas citadas foram realizadas por nós para a pesquisa que deu vaga a esse artigo. Palavras-chaves : Juventude. Religião e política. Esquerda católica brasileira. CatolicismoThis article aims to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between religion and politics. The theoretical environment of this research has been prepared by analyzing typological and methodological resource of oral history. For this purpose, we studied the young participants of the Youth Ministry of the "lower middle class" between the mid 1980s and 1990 in the industrial region of Belo Horizonte - Brazil. These young people represent a religious movement known as liberation Christianity, with profound repercussions in the political and religious history of the Brazilian republic of the second half of the twentieth century. The scope of this study lies in the transition from traditional Catholicism to the form of Catholicism internalized and experienced by these young people and their families in the process of migration from rural to urban areas. The fragments of interviews cited were conducted for research that allowed this article. Keywords : Youth. Religion and politics. Brazilian Catholic left. Catholicism. (shrink)

Resenha do livro de BARROS, Brasil Fernandes de. _A busca de Kardec_: fé ou razão. Curitiba: CRV, 2022. 232 p. ISBN 978-65-251-3981-4.

A necessidade de homens e mulheres de fé esclarecida e bem fundamentada na política tornou-se preponderante na contemporaneidade. Vive-se em um contexto em que muitos perderam a esperança e não acreditam mais na política. Na perspectiva cristã, a fé se traduz na prática do amor e é alimentada pela esperança. Não é possível sonhar com uma qualidade de vida melhor, em âmbito pessoal e coletivo, se não houver pessoas de fé na política, imbuídas dessa missão. O Movimento Nacional Fé e (...) Política – MF&P, criado em 1989, e constituído por grupos de pessoas atuantes em comunidades eclesiais, movimentos populares, partidos políticos, sindicatos e outros espaços de organização social, surgiu para promover estratégias em favor da justiça social e da dignidade humana. O trabalho é feito através da reflexão, da celebração, do aprofundamento e estudo, em grupos, seminários, retiros e encontros, tendo como lema principal, atualmente, a Cultura do Bem-Viver. O objetivo deste trabalho, a partir do material bibliográfico do MF&P e de outros pesquisadores, foi analisar o contexto do nascimento e o desenvolvimento do MF&P no Brasil. Para isso, identificou a produção editorial e o histórico dos encontros e seminários, das fases do movimento, chegando à época atual, quando, a partir de 2011, o movimento incluiu a Cultura do Bem-Viver como novo horizonte ético e político. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão de literatura e análise do material publicado de forma impressa e também na forma digital, no site do movimento, e em publicações de membros que fazem parte do MF&P. Pode-se concluir que, através de sua história, das publicações e dos encontros regionais e nacionais, o movimento abriu perspectivas sobre novas formas de se fazer política, que contemplam e reforçam a atenção para com a ética, o cuidado, a dignidade e a justiça social. É um movimento dinâmico que contribui como um caminho para uma nova sociedade que possa usufruir de seus direitos fundamentais. (shrink)

Patrimônio de Fé e Religiosidade: os Bens Culturais inseridos na Festa do Senhor dos Passos em São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil. (Heritage of Faith and Religiosity: Cultural Objects inserted on the Festival of Senhor dos Passos in São Cristóvão) - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2013v11n31p1018 O conceito de Bens Culturais de uma localidade vem passando por novos paradigmas quanto à abrangência e relevância. Nesse âmbito, além do Patrimônio Material de ruas, praças, igrejas, objetos artísticos e históricos, o discurso e ações dos órgãos oficiais e (...) da comunidade, devem também se pautar pela valorização das produções imateriais da cultura. Esses elementos envolvem os sujeitos e os sons produzidos por eles, seus ofícios, memórias, festas e religiosidade. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo visa analisar os Bens Culturais que compõem o cenário da celebração do Senhor dos Passos e descrever os seus valores histórico, religioso e artístico. A metodologia utilizada foi: pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Após as três etapas da pesquisa e observação no local, constatado que a Festa do Senhor dos Passos em São Cristóvão possui elementos patrimoniais conectados que a transforma em um evento vinculado à identidade cultural-religiosa da região. Alguns desses elementos já são tombados nos níveis estadual, nacional e mundial, enquanto que outros, embora não reconhecidos pelos órgãos oficiais de salvaguarda do Patrimônio, são valorizados pela comunidade no que concerne a afetividade, memória, dádiva e pertencimento: Patrimônios de Fé, Religiosidade e Culto em Sergipe. Palavras-chave : Patrimônio Cultural. Festa. Religiosidade. Senhor dos Passos. São Cristóvão (Sergipe).The concept of cultural property that belongs to one locality has been going through new paradigms regarding the scope and relevance. In this context, in addition to material assets (streets, squares, churches and historical-artistic objects) the speech and actions of official bodies and the community, should also be guided by the appreciation of intangible productions. Such elements involve the subjects and the sounds produced by them, their crafts, memories, parties and religiosity. In this way, this article aims at analyzing the aspects that make up the scene of the festivities of Senhor dos Passos as a Cultural object and describes its historical, religious and artistic values. The methodology used was the bibliographic, documental and field research. After the three stages of research and on-site observation, it was found that the Festival of Senhor dos Passos in São Cristóvão owns connected heritage elements which turn it into an event linked to the religious-cultural identity of the region. Some of these elements are already safeguarded statewide and at national and global levels, while others, though not recognized by the official bodies of safeguarding of heritage are valued by the local community by affection, memory, donation and belongingness: Heritage of Faith, Religiosity and cult in Sergipe. Keywords : Cultural Heritage. Festivity. Religiosity. Senhor dos Passos. São Cristóvão (Sergipe). (shrink)

This unpublished manuscript of the Spanish Dominican Domingo Báñez reflects his personal account of the proceedings held during July 1602 in Valladolid in defense of his own doctrine against suspicious theses formulated by some Jesuits from Alcalá de Henares the previous March. The Jesuits denied that the adhesion of faith to the Roman Pontiff included him as a specific man, e.g. Pope Clement VIII. In support of their thesis, they provided the authority of Báñez. The Dominican theologian clarified in Valladolid (...) that the fact that Clement VIII was Pope did belong to the faith indeed but not in a primary and immediate sense, although this was later supported by other Jesuits in a third session held a few days later, again in Valladolid. (shrink)